The spectrum of skin diseases in a rural setting in Cameroon (sub-Saharan Africa)
Identifieur interne : 003114 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 003113; suivant : 003115The spectrum of skin diseases in a rural setting in Cameroon (sub-Saharan Africa)
Auteurs : Anne-Cécile Zoung-Kanyi Bissek [Cameroun] ; Earnest Njih Tabah [Cameroun] ; Emmanuel Kouotou [Cameroun] ; Victor Sini [Cameroun] ; Faustin N. Yepnjio [Cameroun, France] ; Rogers Nditanchou [Cameroun] ; Roland N. Nchufor [Cameroun] ; Defo Defo [Cameroun] ; Fidèle Dema [Cameroun] ; Julius Y. Fonsah [Cameroun] ; Alfred K. Njamnshi [Cameroun] ; Walinjom Ft Muna [Cameroun]Source :
- BMC Dermatology [ 1471-5945 ] ; 2012.
Abstract
Skin disorders are generally considered to be more prevalent in the rural areas of Cameroon. This study was carried out to verify this assumption by describing the spectrum of skin disorders in a rural setting of Cameroon.
We carried out a community-based clinical skin examination of 400 consenting subjects from 4 villages of Cameroon: Nyamanga (27%), Yebekolo (24%), Mbangassina (23%) and Bilomo (26%).
The overall prevalence of skin diseases in our sample was 62% {95% CI: 57.2%, 66.8%} (248/400). The commonest skin disorders were: fungal infections (25.4%), parasitic infestations (21.4%), atrophic skin disorders (11.7%), hypertrophic skin disorders (9.7%), disorders of skin appendages {acne} (8.9%), benign neoplasm (6.5%), bacterial skin infections (5.2%), pigmentation disorders (4.8%), and dermatitis/eczema (4.0%). Skin infections and infestations constituted 52.82% of all skin disorders. The overall prevalence of infectious and parasitic infestation was 32.75% {95%CI: 28.17%, 37.59%} (131/400) as against 29.25% {95%CI: 24.83%, 33.98%} (117/400) for non-infectious disorders.
Among people with skin infections/parasitic infestations, those with fungal infections and onchocercal skin lesions were the most prevalent, accounting for 48.1% (63/131) and 35.1% (46/131); and an overall prevalence of 15.75% {95%CI: 12.3%, 19.7%} (63/400) and 11.5% {95%CI: 8.5%, 15.0%} (46/400) respectively.
There was secondary bacterial infection in 12.1% {95%CI: 8.31%, 16.82%} (30/248) of subjects with skin diseases. Hypertrophic and atrophic disorders of the skin were mainly keloids (9.68%), scarification marks (6.05%) and burn scars (5.65%). Skin diseases like dermatitis and eczema (4.03%), malignant tumours and pigmentation disorders were rare in our sample.
The proportion of subjects diagnosed with skin disorders after examination (62.8%) was significantly higher than the proportion of 40.8% that declared having skin diseases (p < 0.0001).
The prevalence of skin diseases in the rural Mbam valley is alarming, dominated by easily treatable or preventable skin infections and their magnitude is highly neglected by the community, contrasting with findings in the urban setting. Similar studies are needed in other ecological/demographic settings of the country in order to construct a better understanding of the epidemiology of skin disorders. This would lead to the development of national policies to improve skin care.
Url:
DOI: 10.1186/1471-5945-12-7
PubMed: 22720728
PubMed Central: 3445843
Affiliations:
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Nchufor</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I7">Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences Yaounde, Yaounde, Cameroon</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Cameroun</country><wicri:regionArea>Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences Yaounde, Yaounde</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Yaounde</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Defo, Defo" sort="Defo, Defo" uniqKey="Defo D" first="Defo" last="Defo">Defo Defo</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I1">Department of Internal Medicine and Specialties, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Yaounde I, Yaounde, Cameroon</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Cameroun</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Internal Medicine and Specialties, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Yaounde I, Yaounde</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Yaounde</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dema, Fidele" sort="Dema, Fidele" uniqKey="Dema F" first="Fidèle" last="Dema">Fidèle Dema</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I3">Neurology Department, Central Hospital Yaounde, Yaounde, Cameroon</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Cameroun</country><wicri:regionArea>Neurology Department, Central Hospital Yaounde, Yaounde</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Yaounde</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I8">Sa’a District Hospital, Sa’a, Centre Region, Cameroon</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Cameroun</country><wicri:regionArea>Sa’a District Hospital, Sa’a, Centre Region</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Centre Region</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fonsah, Julius Y" sort="Fonsah, Julius Y" uniqKey="Fonsah J" first="Julius Y" last="Fonsah">Julius Y. 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Biomedical Sciences, The University of Yaounde I, Yaounde, Cameroon</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Cameroun</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Internal Medicine and Specialties, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Yaounde I, Yaounde</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Yaounde</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I2">Consultant dermatologist, Mother & Child Center, Chantal Biya Foundation, Yaoundé, Cameroon</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Cameroun</country><wicri:regionArea>Consultant dermatologist, Mother & Child Center, Chantal Biya Foundation, Yaoundé</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Yaoundé</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tabah, Earnest Njih" sort="Tabah, Earnest Njih" uniqKey="Tabah E" first="Earnest Njih" last="Tabah">Earnest Njih Tabah</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I3">Neurology Department, Central Hospital Yaounde, Yaounde, Cameroon</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Cameroun</country><wicri:regionArea>Neurology Department, Central Hospital Yaounde, Yaounde</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Yaounde</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I4">National Leprosy, Buruli Ulcer, Yaws and Leishmaniasis Control Program, Department of Disease Control, Ministry of Public Health, Yaoundé, Cameroon</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Cameroun</country><wicri:regionArea>National Leprosy, Buruli Ulcer, Yaws and Leishmaniasis Control Program, Department of Disease Control, Ministry of Public Health, Yaoundé</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Yaoundé</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kouotou, Emmanuel" sort="Kouotou, Emmanuel" uniqKey="Kouotou E" first="Emmanuel" last="Kouotou">Emmanuel Kouotou</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I1">Department of Internal Medicine and Specialties, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Yaounde I, Yaounde, Cameroon</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Cameroun</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Internal Medicine and Specialties, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Yaounde I, Yaounde</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Yaounde</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I5">Dermatologist, District Hospital, Biyemassi, Yaounde, Cameroon</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Cameroun</country><wicri:regionArea>Dermatologist, District Hospital, Biyemassi, Yaounde</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Yaounde</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sini, Victor" sort="Sini, Victor" uniqKey="Sini V" first="Victor" last="Sini">Victor Sini</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I1">Department of Internal Medicine and Specialties, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Yaounde I, Yaounde, Cameroon</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Cameroun</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Internal Medicine and Specialties, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Yaounde I, Yaounde</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Yaounde</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I3">Neurology Department, Central Hospital Yaounde, Yaounde, Cameroon</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Cameroun</country><wicri:regionArea>Neurology Department, Central Hospital Yaounde, Yaounde</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Yaounde</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yepnjio, Faustin N" sort="Yepnjio, Faustin N" uniqKey="Yepnjio F" first="Faustin N" last="Yepnjio">Faustin N. Yepnjio</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I3">Neurology Department, Central Hospital Yaounde, Yaounde, Cameroon</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Cameroun</country><wicri:regionArea>Neurology Department, Central Hospital Yaounde, Yaounde</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Yaounde</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="I6">CHU, Limoges, France</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>CHU, Limoges</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Nouvelle-Aquitaine</region><region type="old region">Limousin</region><settlement type="city">Limoges</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nditanchou, Rogers" sort="Nditanchou, Rogers" uniqKey="Nditanchou R" first="Rogers" last="Nditanchou">Rogers Nditanchou</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I7">Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences Yaounde, Yaounde, Cameroon</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Cameroun</country><wicri:regionArea>Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences Yaounde, Yaounde</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Yaounde</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nchufor, Roland N" sort="Nchufor, Roland N" uniqKey="Nchufor R" first="Roland N" last="Nchufor">Roland N. Nchufor</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I7">Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences Yaounde, Yaounde, Cameroon</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Cameroun</country><wicri:regionArea>Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences Yaounde, Yaounde</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Yaounde</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Defo, Defo" sort="Defo, Defo" uniqKey="Defo D" first="Defo" last="Defo">Defo Defo</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I1">Department of Internal Medicine and Specialties, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Yaounde I, Yaounde, Cameroon</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Cameroun</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Internal Medicine and Specialties, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Yaounde I, Yaounde</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Yaounde</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dema, Fidele" sort="Dema, Fidele" uniqKey="Dema F" first="Fidèle" last="Dema">Fidèle Dema</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I3">Neurology Department, Central Hospital Yaounde, Yaounde, Cameroon</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Cameroun</country><wicri:regionArea>Neurology Department, Central Hospital Yaounde, Yaounde</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Yaounde</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I8">Sa’a District Hospital, Sa’a, Centre Region, Cameroon</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Cameroun</country><wicri:regionArea>Sa’a District Hospital, Sa’a, Centre Region</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Centre Region</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fonsah, Julius Y" sort="Fonsah, Julius Y" uniqKey="Fonsah J" first="Julius Y" last="Fonsah">Julius Y. Fonsah</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I3">Neurology Department, Central Hospital Yaounde, Yaounde, Cameroon</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Cameroun</country><wicri:regionArea>Neurology Department, Central Hospital Yaounde, Yaounde</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Yaounde</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Njamnshi, Alfred K" sort="Njamnshi, Alfred K" uniqKey="Njamnshi A" first="Alfred K" last="Njamnshi">Alfred K. Njamnshi</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I1">Department of Internal Medicine and Specialties, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Yaounde I, Yaounde, Cameroon</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Cameroun</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Internal Medicine and Specialties, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Yaounde I, Yaounde</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Yaounde</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I9">Head of Neurology Dept, Central Hospital Yaounde, PO Box 25625, Yaounde, Cameroon</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Cameroun</country><wicri:regionArea>Head of Neurology Dept, Central Hospital Yaounde, PO Box 25625, Yaounde</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Yaounde</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Muna, Walinjom Ft" sort="Muna, Walinjom Ft" uniqKey="Muna W" first="Walinjom Ft" last="Muna">Walinjom Ft Muna</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I10">Head of Department of Internal Medicine and Specialties Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Yaounde I, Yaounde, Cameroon</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Cameroun</country><wicri:regionArea>Head of Department of Internal Medicine and Specialties Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Yaounde I, Yaounde</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Yaounde</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">BMC Dermatology</title><idno type="eISSN">1471-5945</idno><imprint><date when="2012">2012</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title><p>Skin disorders are generally considered to be more prevalent in the rural areas of Cameroon. This study was carried out to verify this assumption by describing the spectrum of skin disorders in a rural setting of Cameroon.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>We carried out a community-based clinical skin examination of 400 consenting subjects from 4 villages of Cameroon: Nyamanga (27%), Yebekolo (24%), Mbangassina (23%) and Bilomo (26%).</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>The overall prevalence of skin diseases in our sample was 62% {95% CI: 57.2%, 66.8%} (248/400). The commonest skin disorders were: fungal infections (25.4%), parasitic infestations (21.4%), atrophic skin disorders (11.7%), hypertrophic skin disorders (9.7%), disorders of skin appendages {acne} (8.9%), benign neoplasm (6.5%), bacterial skin infections (5.2%), pigmentation disorders (4.8%), and dermatitis/eczema (4.0%). Skin infections and infestations constituted 52.82% of all skin disorders. The overall prevalence of infectious and parasitic infestation was 32.75% {95%CI: 28.17%, 37.59%} (131/400) as against 29.25% {95%CI: 24.83%, 33.98%} (117/400) for non-infectious disorders.</p><p>Among people with skin infections/parasitic infestations, those with fungal infections and onchocercal skin lesions were the most prevalent, accounting for 48.1% (63/131) and 35.1% (46/131); and an overall prevalence of 15.75% {95%CI: 12.3%, 19.7%} (63/400) and 11.5% {95%CI: 8.5%, 15.0%} (46/400) respectively.</p><p>There was secondary bacterial infection in 12.1% {95%CI: 8.31%, 16.82%} (30/248) of subjects with skin diseases. Hypertrophic and atrophic disorders of the skin were mainly keloids (9.68%), scarification marks (6.05%) and burn scars (5.65%). Skin diseases like dermatitis and eczema (4.03%), malignant tumours and pigmentation disorders were rare in our sample.</p><p>The proportion of subjects diagnosed with skin disorders after examination (62.8%) was significantly higher than the proportion of 40.8% that declared having skin diseases (p < 0.0001).</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>The prevalence of skin diseases in the rural Mbam valley is alarming, dominated by easily treatable or preventable skin infections and their magnitude is highly neglected by the community, contrasting with findings in the urban setting. Similar studies are needed in other ecological/demographic settings of the country in order to construct a better understanding of the epidemiology of skin disorders. 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uniqKey="Daramola O">OOM Daramola</name></author><author><name sortKey="Alese, Oo" uniqKey="Alese O">OO Alese</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Yahya, H" uniqKey="Yahya H">H Yahya</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Gibbs, S" uniqKey="Gibbs S">S Gibbs</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Dos Santos, Mml" uniqKey="Dos Santos M">MML Dos Santos</name></author><author><name sortKey="Amaral, S" uniqKey="Amaral S">S Amaral</name></author><author><name sortKey="Harmen, Sp" uniqKey="Harmen S">SP Harmen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Joseph, Hm" uniqKey="Joseph H">HM Joseph</name></author><author><name sortKey="Fernandes, Jl" uniqKey="Fernandes J">JL Fernandes</name></author><author><name sortKey="Counahan, Ml" uniqKey="Counahan M">ML Counahan</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name 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Affana</name></author></analytic></biblStruct></listBibl></div1></back></TEI><affiliations><list><country><li>Cameroun</li><li>France</li></country><region><li>Limousin</li><li>Nouvelle-Aquitaine</li></region><settlement><li>Limoges</li></settlement></list><tree><country name="Cameroun"><noRegion><name sortKey="Bissek, Anne Cecile Zoung Kanyi" sort="Bissek, Anne Cecile Zoung Kanyi" uniqKey="Bissek A" first="Anne-Cécile Zoung-Kanyi" last="Bissek">Anne-Cécile Zoung-Kanyi Bissek</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Bissek, Anne Cecile Zoung Kanyi" sort="Bissek, Anne Cecile Zoung Kanyi" uniqKey="Bissek A" first="Anne-Cécile Zoung-Kanyi" last="Bissek">Anne-Cécile Zoung-Kanyi Bissek</name><name sortKey="Defo, Defo" sort="Defo, Defo" uniqKey="Defo D" first="Defo" last="Defo">Defo Defo</name><name sortKey="Dema, Fidele" sort="Dema, Fidele" uniqKey="Dema F" first="Fidèle" last="Dema">Fidèle Dema</name><name sortKey="Dema, Fidele" sort="Dema, Fidele" uniqKey="Dema F" first="Fidèle" last="Dema">Fidèle Dema</name><name sortKey="Fonsah, Julius Y" sort="Fonsah, Julius Y" uniqKey="Fonsah J" first="Julius Y" last="Fonsah">Julius Y. Fonsah</name><name sortKey="Kouotou, Emmanuel" sort="Kouotou, Emmanuel" uniqKey="Kouotou E" first="Emmanuel" last="Kouotou">Emmanuel Kouotou</name><name sortKey="Kouotou, Emmanuel" sort="Kouotou, Emmanuel" uniqKey="Kouotou E" first="Emmanuel" last="Kouotou">Emmanuel Kouotou</name><name sortKey="Muna, Walinjom Ft" sort="Muna, Walinjom Ft" uniqKey="Muna W" first="Walinjom Ft" last="Muna">Walinjom Ft Muna</name><name sortKey="Nchufor, Roland N" sort="Nchufor, Roland N" uniqKey="Nchufor R" first="Roland N" last="Nchufor">Roland N. Nchufor</name><name sortKey="Nditanchou, Rogers" sort="Nditanchou, Rogers" uniqKey="Nditanchou R" first="Rogers" last="Nditanchou">Rogers Nditanchou</name><name sortKey="Njamnshi, Alfred K" sort="Njamnshi, Alfred K" uniqKey="Njamnshi A" first="Alfred K" last="Njamnshi">Alfred K. Njamnshi</name><name sortKey="Njamnshi, Alfred K" sort="Njamnshi, Alfred K" uniqKey="Njamnshi A" first="Alfred K" last="Njamnshi">Alfred K. Njamnshi</name><name sortKey="Sini, Victor" sort="Sini, Victor" uniqKey="Sini V" first="Victor" last="Sini">Victor Sini</name><name sortKey="Sini, Victor" sort="Sini, Victor" uniqKey="Sini V" first="Victor" last="Sini">Victor Sini</name><name sortKey="Tabah, Earnest Njih" sort="Tabah, Earnest Njih" uniqKey="Tabah E" first="Earnest Njih" last="Tabah">Earnest Njih Tabah</name><name sortKey="Tabah, Earnest Njih" sort="Tabah, Earnest Njih" uniqKey="Tabah E" first="Earnest Njih" last="Tabah">Earnest Njih Tabah</name><name sortKey="Yepnjio, Faustin N" sort="Yepnjio, Faustin N" uniqKey="Yepnjio F" first="Faustin N" last="Yepnjio">Faustin N. Yepnjio</name></country><country name="France"><region name="Nouvelle-Aquitaine"><name sortKey="Yepnjio, Faustin N" sort="Yepnjio, Faustin N" uniqKey="Yepnjio F" first="Faustin N" last="Yepnjio">Faustin N. Yepnjio</name></region></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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